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Last articles
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The Age of Extractive and Commercial Empires: Spain and the Dutch Republic (16th–17th Century)
At the Origins of the Valorisation of the Economy (15th–19th Centuries) – Article 2 Spain and the Dutch Republic embody two paths into the first globalisation: the former rested on extraction and imperial coercion; the latter on the organised circulation of goods, information, and credit. From the mines of Potosí to the payment fairs of […]
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When the Economy Becomes a Value: The Turning Point of the Italian Renaissance
At the turn from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, the northern Italian city-states usher in a decisive shift: the economy is no longer merely a means of subsistence but becomes a value in political and moral terms. Florence and Venice, governed by oligarchies blending nobility and bourgeoisie, stand out for systems of government markedly […]
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Western Authoritarianisms or the Denial of a Global Evolution
Protectionist vs. Neoliberal Authoritarianisms Since his second inauguration as President of the United States, D. Trump has dominated the news, particularly due to his brutal attitude and arbitrary decisions that endanger American democracy, which is based on the existence of checks and balances. In this context, it is ironic to hear Vice President J.D. Vance […]
Last snapshots
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Berlin’s new stance towards Beijing shows how the global balance of power is shifting
In a « Le Monde » article about tensions between Berlin and Beijing, the journalist writes: “The paradigm shift in international trade, where the strategic dominance of resources and raw materials, sensitive technologies and markets has replaced the rules of free trade, has deteriorated the position of German companies.”1 This raises a question: did strategic domination of…
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At the Origins of the Valorisation of the Economy (15th–19th Centuries)
The pre-eminence of the economy in contemporary societies has become commonplace: the commodification of most goods and services; advertisements that punctuate television programmes, are plastered across screens, films and series, and even on athletes; the stakes around purchasing power and social inequalities; work itself, increasingly rivalled by AI and robots; the associated international tensions, such…
About
Arranging concepts (i.e. delimiting and linking them) in a coherent and concise manner supports or even grounds clarity. However, devising syntheses constitutes an activity whose complexity increases with knowledge growth and academic specialization. Well, without a conception of the world in which we live that is sufficiently backed up and synthetic, how can we define a political, a moral or a personal direction? Unawareness would likely reduce the field of possibilities, wouldn’t it?